Chandragupta Maurya ( IAST: Candragupta Maurya) (340 BC – 298 BC) was the founding father of the Maurya Empire and the primary emperor to unify most of greater India into one state. He ruled from 322 BC until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favour of his son Bindusara in 298 BC.
Chandragupta Maurya was once a pivotal determine in the history of India. Previous to his consolidation of energy, lots of the Indian Subcontinent used to be divided into small states, at the same time the Nanda Empire dominated the Indus-Gangetic plain. Chandragupta succeeded in conquering and subjugating almost the entire Indian subcontinent by means of the tip of his reign,[nb 1] besides the Tamil areas (Chera, Chola and Pandya) and modern day state Odisha (Kalinga). His empire extended from Bengal within the east, to Afghanistan and Balochistan within the west, to the Himalayas and Kashmir within the north, and to the Deccan Plateau in the south. It was once the largest empire yet visible in Indian historical past.
After unifying so much of India, Chandragupta and his chief advisor Chanakya passed a series of main financial and political reforms. He headquartered a powerful primary administration patterned after Chanakya’s text on politics, the Arthashastra (English: "Economics and political science"). Maurya's India used to be characterised through an effective and enormously organised bureaucratic structure with a giant civil carrier. As a result of its unified structure, the empire developed a strong economy, with inside and outside alternate thriving and agriculture flourishing. In both art and structure, the Maurya Empire made fundamental contributions, deriving some of its inspiration from the tradition of the Achaemenid Empire and the Hellenistic world. Chandragupta's reign was a time of high-quality social and religious reform in India. Buddhism and Jainism grew to be more and more prominent.
In overseas Greek and Latin bills, Chandragupta is often called Sandrokottos and Androcottus.[4] He grew to be good known within the Hellenistic world for conquering Alexander the first-rate's easternmost satrapies, and for defeating the most strong of Alexander's successors, Seleucus I Nicator, in battle. Chandragupta subsequently married Seleucus's daughter to formalize an alliance and based a coverage of friendship with the Hellenistic kingdoms, which stimulated India's alternate and make contact with with the western world. The Greek diplomat Megasthenes, who visited the Maurya capital Pataliputra, is an foremost source of Maurya historical past.
Chandragupta became Jain with the aid of faith after renouncing the throne. Within the last years of his reign he took Jain Diksha from the last Shrutakevali in Jainism Bhadrabahu to be a Jain Muni. So he abdicated his throne and with the sangha, he went to spend his final days at Shravanabelagola, a famous religious website in south India in Karnataka, the place he fasted to death. Alongside together with his grandson, Ashoka, Chandragupta Maurya is without doubt one of the most celebrated rulers within the historical past of India and is also known as Chakravartin He performed a primary position in shaping the countrywide identity of state-of-the-art India, and has been lionised as a model ruler and as a country wide hero.
very little is known about Chandragupta's adolescence and ancestry. What is legendary is gathered from later classical Sanskrit literature, as good as classical Greek and Latin sources which check with Chandragupta via the names "Sandracottos" or "Andracottus." Many Indian literary traditions connect him with the Nanda Dynasty in state-of-the-art day Bihar in jap India. Greater than 1/2 a millennium later, the Sanskrit drama Mudrarakshasa calls him a "Nandanvaya" i.E. The descendant of Nanda (Act IV). Chandragupta was once born into a household left destitute through the demise of his father, chief of the migrant Mauryas, in a border fray.[10] Mudrarakshasa uses terms like kula-hina and Vrishala for Chandragupta's lineage.
This reinforces Justin's contention that Chandragupta had a humble beginning. Then again, the same play describes the Nandas as of Prathita-kula, i.E. Illustrious, lineage. The Buddhist text the Mahavamsa calls Chandragupta a member of a division of the(Kshatriya) clan referred to as the Moriya. The Mahaparinibbana Sutta states that the Moriyas (Mauryas) belonged to the Kshatriya group of Pippalivana i.E. Very likely Pipli on the outskirts of Kurukshetra. These traditions point out that Chandragupt got here from a Kshatriya lineage. The Mahavamshatika connects him with the Shakya clan of the Buddha, a clan which additionally belongs to the race of Ādityas.
In Buddhist tradition, Chadragupta Maurya used to be a member of the Kshatriyas and that his son, Bindusara, and grandson, the famous Buddhist Ashoka, had been of Kshatriya lineage, perhaps of the Sakya line. (The Sakya line of Kshatriyas is viewed to be the lineage of Gautama Buddha, and Ashoka Maurya billed himself as "Buddhi Sakya" in certainly one of his inscriptions.) A medieval inscription represents the Maurya clan as belonging to the solar race of Kshatriyas. It is recounted that the Maurya line sprang from Suryavamsi Mandhatri, son of prince Yuvanashva of the sun race. Chandragupta used to be a student of Chanakya.
Plutarch reports that he met with Alexander the exceptional, frequently around Takshasila within the northwest, and that he considered the ruling Nanda Empire in a bad light:Androcottus, when he was a stripling, noticed Alexander himself, and we are instructed that he usually mentioned in later instances that Alexander narrowly neglected making himself master of the nation, on the grounds that its king was hated and despised as a consequence of his baseness and low birth.
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